|
Showing 1 - 22 of
22 matches in All Departments
|
Moral AI - And How We Get There
Jana Schaich Borg, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Vincent Conitzer
|
R765
R620
Discovery Miles 6 200
Save R145 (19%)
|
Ships in 9 - 15 working days
|
A reassuring and thought-provoking guide to all the big questions
about AI and ethics Should robots ever be considered free? Will
computers transcend human intelligence? And what can we do to make
sure AI is safe? The artificial intelligence revolution has begun.
Today, there are self-driving cars on our streets, autonomous
weapons in our armies, robot surgeons in our hospitals - and AI's
presence in our lives will only increase. Some see this as the dawn
of new era in innovation and ease; others are alarmed by its
destructive potential. But one thing is clear: this is a technology
like no other, one that raises profound questions about freedom,
justice and the very definition of human agency. In Moral AI,
world-renowned researchers in artificial intelligence and
philosophy, Jana Schaich Borg, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Vince
Conitzer tackle these thorny issues head-on. Writing lucidly and
calmly, they lay out the recent advances in this still nascent
field, peeling away the exaggeration and alarm, and offer clear
examinations of the moral concerns at the heart of AI programmes.
Ultimately, they argue that artificial intelligence can be built
and used safely and ethically, but that its potential cannot be
achieved without careful reflection on the values we wish to imbue
it with. This is an essential primer for any thinking person.
ADVANGEBOOKS - UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMAL
LOGIC, 9E shows readers how to construct arguments in everyday
life, using everyday language. In addition, this easy-to-read
textbook also devotes three chapters to the formal aspects of logic
including forms of argument, as well as propositional, categorical,
and quantificational logic. Plus, this edition helps readers apply
informal logic to legal, moral, scientific, religious, and
philosophical scenarios, too.
Modality, morality and belief are among the most controversial
topics in philosophy today, and few philosophers have shaped these
debates as deeply as Ruth Barcan Marcus. Inspired by her work, a
distinguished group of philosophers explore these issues, refine
and sharpen arguments and develop new positions on such topics as
possible worlds, moral dilemmas, essentialism, and the explanation
of actions by beliefs. Together, this collection honors one of the
most rigorous and iconoclastic of philosophical pioneers.
Modality, morality and belief are among the most controversial
topics in philosophy and few philosophers have shaped these debates
as deeply as Ruth Barcan Marcus. Inspired by her work, a
distinguished group of philosophers explore these issues, refine
and sharpen arguments and develop fresh positions on such topics as
possible worlds, moral dilemmas, essentialism and the explanation
of actions by beliefs. This collection honours one of the most
rigourous and iconoclastic of philosophical pioneers.
Groundbreaking essays and commentaries on the ways that recent
findings in psychology and neuroscience illuminate virtue and
character and related issues in philosophy. Philosophers have
discussed virtue and character since Socrates, but many traditional
views have been challenged by recent findings in psychology and
neuroscience. This fifth volume of Moral Psychology grows out of
this new wave of interdisciplinary work on virtue, vice, and
character. It offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading
philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings
from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate virtue and character
and related issues in moral philosophy. The contributors discuss
such topics as eliminativist and situationist challenges to
character; investigate the conceptual and empirical foundations of
self-control, honesty, humility, and compassion; and consider
whether the virtues contribute to well-being. Contributors Karl
Aquino, Jason Baehr, C. Daniel Batson, Lorraine L. Besser, C. Daryl
Cameron, Tanya L. Chartrand, M. J. Crockett, Bella DePaulo, Korrina
A. Duffy, William Fleeson, Andrea L. Glenn, Charles Goodman,
Geoffrey P. Goodwin, George Graham, June Gruber, Thomas Hurka,
Eranda Jayawickreme, Andreas Kappes, Kristjan Kristjansson, Daniel
Lapsley, Neil Levy, E.J. Masicampo, Joshua May, Christian B.
Miller, M. A. Montgomery, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Hanna
Pickard, Katie Rapier, Raul Saucedo, Shannon W. Schrader, Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong, Nancy E. Snow, Gopal Sreenivasan, Chandra
Sripada, June P. Tangney, Valerie Tiberius, Simine Vazire, Jennifer
Cole Wright
A masterclass in persuasion from the inspiring philosopher who has
taught a million people to argue through his popular open online
course Our personal and political worlds are rife with arguments
and disagreements, some of them petty and vitriolic. The inability
to compromise and understand the other side is widespread today.
What can we do to change this? In Think Again philosopher Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong draws on a long tradition of logic to show why we
should stop focusing on winning arguments and instead argue in a
more constructive way. Based on a hugely popular online course with
more than a million followers around the world, Think Again
explains how to analyse, evaluate and make better arguments while
also spotting bad reasoning and avoiding certain fallacies. Through
lively, practical examples from everyday life, politics and popular
culture, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong offers brilliantly
straightforward, wise advice that we can all use at work, at home
and online.
What is free will? Can it exist in a determined universe? How can
we determine who, if anyone, possesses it? Philosophers have
debated the extent of human free will for millennia. In recent
decades neuroscientists have joined the fray with questions of
their own. Which neural mechanisms could enable conscious control
of action? What are intentional actions? Do contemporary
developments in neuroscience rule out free will or, instead,
illuminate how it works? Over the past few years, neuroscientists
and philosophers have increasingly come to understand that both
fields can make substantive contributions to the free-will debate,
so working together is the best path forward to understanding
whether, when, and how our choices might be free This book contains
thirty bidirectional exchanges between neuroscientists and
philosophers that focus on the most critical questions in the
neurophilosophy of free will. It mimics a lively, interdisciplinary
conference, where experts answer questions and follow-up questions
from the other field, helping each discipline to understand how the
other thinks and works. Each chapter is concise and accessible to
non-experts-free from disciplinary jargon and highly technical
details-but also employs thorough and up-to-date research from
experts in the field. The resulting collection should be useful to
anyone who wants to get up to speed on the most fundamental issues
in the rising field of the neurophilosophy of free will. It will
interest experts from philosophy or neuroscience who want to learn
about the other discipline, students in courses on a host of
related topics, and lay readers who are fascinated by these
profound issues.
For much of the twentieth century, philosophy and science went
their separate ways. In moral philosophy, fear of the so-called
naturalistic fallacy kept moral philosophers from incorporating
developments in biology and psychology. Since the 1990s, however,
many philosophers have drawn on recent advances in cognitive
psychology, brain science, and evolutionary psychology to inform
their work. This collaborative trend is especially strong in moral
philosophy, and these three volumes bring together some of the most
innovative work by both philosophers and psychologists in this
emerging interdisciplinary field. Contributors to Volume 2: Fredrik
Bjorklund (University of Lund), James Blair (National Institute of
Mental Health), Paul Bloomfield (University of Connecticut), Fiery
Cushman (Harvard University), Justin D'Arms (Ohio State
University), John Deigh (University of Texas at Austin), John Doris
(Washington University), Julia Driver (Dartmouth College), Ben
Fraser (Australian National University Research School of Social
Science), Gerd Gigerenzer (Max Plank Institute), Michael Gill
(University of Arizona), Jonathan Haidt (University of Virginia)
Marc Hauser (Harvard University), Daniel Jacobson (Bowling Green
State University), Joshua Knobe (University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill), Brian Leiter (University of Texas at Austin), Don
Loeb (University of Vermont), Ron Mallon (University of Utah),
Darcia Narvaez (University of Notre Dame), Shaun Nichols
(University of Arizona), Alexandra Plakias (University of
Michigan), Jesse Prinz (University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill), Geoffrey Sayre-McCord (University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill), Russ Shafer-Landau (University ofWisconsin), Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong (Dartmouth College), Cass Sunstein (University of
Chicago), William Tolhurst (University of Northern Illinois), Liane
Young (Harvard University).
Leading philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists address
issues of moral responsibility and free will, drawing on new
findings from empirical science. Traditional philosophers
approached the issues of free will and moral responsibility through
conceptual analysis that seldom incorporated findings from
empirical science. In recent decades, however, striking
developments in psychology and neuroscience have captured the
attention of many moral philosophers. This volume of Moral
Psychology offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading
philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings
from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate old and new problems
regarding free will and moral responsibility. The contributors-who
include such prominent scholars as Patricia Churchland, Daniel
Dennett, and Michael Gazzaniga-consider issues raised by
determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism; epiphenomenalism,
bypassing, and naturalism; naturalism; and rationality and
situationism. These writings show that although science does not
settle the issues of free will and moral responsibility, it has
enlivened the field by asking novel, profound, and important
questions. Contributors Roy F. Baumeister, Tim Bayne, Gunnar
Bjoernsson, C. Daryl Cameron, Hanah A. Chapman, William A.
Cunningham, Patricia S. Churchland, Christopher G. Coutlee, Daniel
C. Dennett, Ellen E. Furlong, Michael S. Gazzaniga, Patrick
Haggard, Brian Hare, Lasana T. Harris, John-Dylan Haynes, Richard
Holton, Scott A. Huettel, Robert Kane, Victoria K. Lee, Neil Levy,
Alfred R. Mele, Christian Miller, Erman Misirlisoy, P. Read
Montague, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, William T. Newsome, B.
Keith Payne, Derk Pereboom, Adina L. Roskies, Laurie R. Santos,
Timothy Schroeder, Michael N. Shadlen, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,
Chandra Sripada, Christopher L. Suhler, Manuel Vargas, Gideon Yaffe
CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS, CONCISE EDITION,
1E uses everyday life experiences to teach the basics of informal
logic. By taking out the non-essential instruction, this edition
hones in on the "argument construction" involved in day-to-day
life, and how to do it better. Plus, to round out the discussion,
CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS, CONCISE EDITION,
1E includes a three-chapter overview of formal logic as well.
This book explores the interplay between science, economics,
politics, and ethics in understanding the challenge that climate
change poses to the international community. A central theme is
that climate change involves core issues of scientific uncertainty
and intergenerational fairness that must be accounted for in the
design and implementation of policy responses. Drawing together
contributions from leading scholars in a variety of relevant
disciplines, this volume provides a synthetic approach to this
important topic that should prove valuable to a variety of readers.
This series focuses on the interface between geosystems,
biosystems, and the political economy. The volumes integrate
physical, natural, and social sciences with economics. It
encompasses the atomistic and mechanistic epistemology of modern
economic analysis.
In Moral Knowledge?: New Readings in Moral Epistemology, editors
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Mark Timmons bring together eleven
newly written essays by distinguished moral philosophers exploring
the nature and possibility of moral knowledge. Each essay
represents a major position within the exciting field of moral
epistemology in which a proponent of the position presents and
defends his or her view and locates it vis-a-vis competing
views.
The first chapter, written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, provides a
framework for understanding the basic concepts and viewpoints in
moral epistemology and presents a limited skeptical challenge to
the justification of moral beliefs. The following essays represent
various options in response to moral skepticism. Peter Railton and
Simon Blackburn take different stances on moral truth and realism,
Robert Audi defends a version of intuitionism, and Geoffrey
Sayre-McCord adopts coherentism, while R.M. Hare combines elements
of both foundationalism and coherentism. Richard Brandt discusses
the relevance of empirical science to moral knowledge, Christopher
Morris develops a contractarian account of moral justification, and
David Copp bases moral knowledge on rational choices by societies.
Margaret Urban Walker aruges for a feminist perspective on moral
knowledge, and Mark Timmons expounds contextualism in moral
epistemology.
The lively and clear selections do not presuppose specialized
knowledge of philosophy, and the philosophical vocabulary used
throughout the anthology is uniform, in order to facilitate
understanding by those not familiar with the field. The first
chapter includes a sustained critical discussion of the major views
represented in the following chapters, thereby furnishing beginning
students with appropriate background to understand the selections.
The volume is further enhanced by an index and an extensive
bibliography, which is divided into sections corresponding to the
chapters of the book. Moral Knowledge provides the most up-to-date
work on moral knowledge and justification and serves as an
excellent text for undergraduate and graduate courses.
Some argue that atheism must be false, since without God, no values
are possible, and thus "everything is permitted." Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong argues that God is not only not essential to
morality, but that our moral behavior should be utterly independent
of religion. He attacks several core ideas: that atheists are
inherently immoral people; that any society will sink into chaos if
it is becomes too secular; that without religion, we have no reason
to be moral; that absolute moral standards require the existence of
God; and that without religion, we simply couldn't know what is
wrong and what is right.
Sinnott-Armstrong brings to bear convincing examples and data, as
well as a lucid, elegant, and easy to understand writing style.
This book should fit well with the debates raging over issues like
evolution and intelligent design, atheism, and religion and public
life as an example of a pithy, tightly-constructed argument on an
issue of great social importance.
"In his call for sincere dialogue with theists,
Sinnott-Armstrong provides a welcome relief from the apoplectic
excesses of Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens, while also
addressing objections to homosexuality and evolution frequently
raised by evangelical Christians." --Publishers Weekly
" I]t is accessible and lively, my hope is that it will be widely
read, especially by theists."--Peter Lamal, The Humanist
..". the clarity of this text successfully defuses many erroneous
claims about religion and morality, both popular and academic; this
volume certainly deserves a wide audience in this increasingly
secular and skeptical world." -Choice
"Morality Without God? is an engaging, pithy book arguing against
the necessity of God and religion for a robust morality. Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong has distinguished himself as a leading
philosopher in his work on metaethics and moral psychology, as well
as books on moral and epistemological skepticism, and in Morality
Without God? he commendably succeeds in writing a philosophically
respectable introduction to the problems facing religious morality
suitable for virtually any audience." --Philosophia Christi
Morality and religion: intimately wed, violently opposed, or
something else? Discussion of this issue appears in pop culture,
the academy, and the media often generating radically opposed
views. At one end of the spectrum are those who think that unless
God exists, ethics is unfounded and the moral life is unmotivated.
At the other end are those who think that religious belief is
unnecessary for and even a threat to ethical knowledge and the
moral life. This volume provides an accessible, charitable
discussion that represents a range of views along this spectrum.
The book begins with a lively debate between Paul Kurtz and William
Lane Craig on the question, Is goodness without God good enough?
Kurtz defends the affirmative position and Craig the negative.
Following the debate are new essays by prominent scholars. These
essays comment on the debate and advance the broader discussion of
religion and morality. The book closes with final responses from
Kurtz and Craig.
Morality and religion: intimately wed, violently opposed, or
something else? Discussion of this issue appears in pop culture,
the academy, and the media_often generating radically opposed
views. At one end of the spectrum are those who think that unless
God exists, ethics is unfounded and the moral life is unmotivated.
At the other end are those who think that religious belief is
unnecessary for_and even a threat to_ethical knowledge and the
moral life. This volume provides an accessible, charitable
discussion that represents a range of views along this spectrum.
The book begins with a lively debate between Paul Kurtz and William
Lane Craig on the question, Is goodness without God good enough?
Kurtz defends the affirmative position and Craig the negative.
Following the debate are new essays by prominent scholars. These
essays comment on the debate and advance the broader discussion of
religion and morality. The book closes with final responses from
Kurtz and Craig.
Sinnott-Armstrong here provides an extensive survey of the
difficult subject of moral beliefs. He covers theories that grapple
with questions of morality such as naturalism, normativism,
intuitionism, and coherentism. He then defends his own theory that
he calls "moderate moral skepticism," which is that moral beliefs
can be justified, but not extremely justified.
All contentious moral issues--from gay marriage to abortion and
affirmative action--raise difficult questions about the
justification of moral beliefs. How can we be justified in holding
on to our own moral beliefs while recognizing that other
intelligent people feel quite differently and that many moral
beliefs are distorted by self-interest and by corrupt cultures?
Even when almost everyone agrees--e.g. that experimental surgery
without consent is immoral--can we know that such beliefs are true?
If so, how?
These profound questions lead to fundamental issues about the
nature of morality, language, metaphysics, justification, and
knowledge. They also have tremendous practical importance in
handling controversial moral questions in health care ethics,
politics, law, and education. Sinnott-Armstrong here provides an
extensive overview of these difficult subjects, looking at a wide
variety of questions, including: Are any moral beliefs true? Are
any justified? What is justified belief? The second half of the
book explores various moral theories that have grappled with these
issues, such as naturalism, normativism, intuitionism, and
coherentism, all of which are attempts to answer moral skepticism.
Sinnott-Armstrong argues that all these approaches fail to rule out
moral nihilism--the view that nothing is really morally wrong or
right, bad or good. Then he develops his own novel theory,
--"moderate Pyrrhonian moral skepticism"--which concludes that some
moral beliefs can be justified out of a modest contrast class but
no moral beliefs can be justified out of an extreme contrast class.
While explaining this original position and criticizing
alternatives, Sinnott-Armstrong provides awide-ranging survey of
the epistemology of moral beliefs.
Throughout the history of philosophy, skepticism has posed one of
the central challenges of epistemology. Opponents of
skepticism--including externalists, contextualists,
foundationalists, and coherentists--have focussed largely on one
particular variety of skepticism, often called Cartesian or
Academic skepticism, which makes the radical claim that nobody can
know anything. However, this version of skepticism is something of
a straw man, since virtually no philosopher endorses this radical
skeptical claim. The only skeptical view that has been truly
held--by Sextus, Montaigne, Hume, Wittgenstein, and, most recently,
Robert Fogelin--has been Pyrrohnian skepticism. Pyrrhonian skeptics
do not assert Cartesian skepticism, but neither do they deny it.
The Pyrrhonian skeptics' doubts run so deep that they suspend
belief even about Cartesian skepticism and its denial. Nonetheless,
some Pyrrhonians argue that they can still hold "common beliefs of
everyday life" and can even claim to know some truths in an
everyday way.
This edited volume presents previously unpublished articles on this
subject by a strikingly impressive group of philosophers, who
engage with both historical and contemporary versions of Pyrrhonian
skepticism. Among them are Gisela Striker, Janet Broughton, Don
Garrett, Ken Winkler, Hans Sluga, Ernest Sosa, Michael Williams,
Barry Stroud, Robert Fogelin, and Roy Sorensen. This volume is
thematically unified and will interest a broad spectrum of scholars
in epistemology and the history of philosophy.
Bernard Gert's moral theory is among the clearest and most
comprehensive on the contemporary scene. It touches on elements of
the dominant ethical orientations -utilitarianism, Kantianism,
contractionism, and virtue ethics without fitting neatly into any
of those categories. For that reason, Gert's moral theory appeals
to many ethicists dissatisfied with each of the dominant
formulations. Rationality, Rules, and Ideals presents Gert's
Morality, the reactions by a number of prominent scholars, and
Gert's response. All told, it is a remarkably wide-ranging study of
ethical theory. The work is broken down into six parts, making
Rationality, Rules, and Ideals perfect for a broad-ranging course
on ethical theory, following Gert's critiques of utilitariansim,
Kantianism, and virtue ethics. Both students and professionals will
find much material to work with in this volume. The papers
contribute not only to the understanding of Gert's wide-ranging
theory but to a number of important topics in ethic theory, the
theory of rationality, and applied ethics.
Philosophers and psychologists discuss new collaborative work in
moral philosophy that draws on evolutionary psychology, cognitive
science, and neuroscience. For much of the twentieth century,
philosophy and science went their separate ways. In moral
philosophy, fear of the so-called naturalistic fallacy kept moral
philosophers from incorporating developments in biology and
psychology. Since the 1990s, however, many philosophers have drawn
on recent advances in cognitive psychology, brain science, and
evolutionary psychology to inform their work. This collaborative
trend is especially strong in moral philosophy, and these volumes
bring together some of the most innovative work by both
philosophers and psychologists in this emerging interdisciplinary
field. The contributors to volume 1 discuss recent work on the
evolution of moral beliefs, attitudes, and emotions. Each chapter
includes an essay, comments on the essay by other scholars, and a
reply by the author(s) of the original essay. Topics include a
version of naturalism that avoids supposed fallacies, distinct
neurocomputational systems for deontic reasoning, the evolutionary
psychology of moral sentiments regarding incest, the sexual
selection of moral virtues, the evolution of symbolic thought, and
arguments both for and against innate morality. Taken together, the
chapters demonstrate the value for both philosophy and psychology
of collaborative efforts to understand the many complex aspects of
morality. Contributors William Casebeer, Leda Cosmides, Oliver
Curry, Michael Dietrich, Catherine Driscoll, Susan Dwyer, Owen
Flanagan, Jerry Fodor, Gilbert Harman, Richard Joyce, Debra
Lieberman, Ron Mallon, John Mikhail, Geoffrey Miller, Jesse Prinz,
Peter Railton, Michael Ruse, Hagop Sarkissian, Walter
Sinnott-Armstrong, Chandra Sekhar Sripada, Valerie Tiberius, John
Tooby, Peter Tse, Kathleen Wallace, Arthur Wolf, David Wong
|
You may like...
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
|